In terms of academic language, steel structure should be mainly made of building steel, which is one of the most important types of engineering building structures today. Building steel is characterized by high strength, light weight, good overall stiffness and strong deformation capacity, so it is particularly suitable for building long-span, extremely high and light buildings. Steel structures are steel columns, steel columns, steel pipe trusses and other components made of channel steel and steel. The structure connected by welding, screws or rivets is adopted in the middle of each component or assembly.
Steel structure characteristics
1. The steel structure of the building has good ductility, good plasticity, symmetrical materials, high structural stability, is suitable for bearing impact and dynamic loads, and has good seismic grade performance. The internal structure of building steel is symmetrical and tends to anisotropic homogeneous protoplasm. The practical performance of the steel structure conforms to the calculation theory, so the steel structure has high stability.
2. The material has high strength, light weight, high bolt strength and high elastic mould. Compared with concrete and wood, the ratio of hardness to tensile strength is relatively low. Therefore, under the same stress environment, the members of the steel structure have small cross section and light weight, which is conducive to transportation and installation. It is suitable for large span, high relative height and load-bearing structures.
3. The steel structure has good sealing performance, because the electric welding structure can be completely sealed, and can be made into pressure vessels with excellent sealing and water tightness, large and medium-sized oil pools, Class II pressure vessels, etc.
4. The steel structure is resistant to high temperature and not fireproof. When the temperature is 150 ℃, the property of building steel changes little. Therefore, the steel structure is suitable for the hot production workshop, but when the structure surface is exposed to thermal radiation of about 150 ℃, the thermal insulation material shall be used for maintenance. When the temperature is 300 ℃ – 400 ℃, the bolt strength and elastic die are significantly reduced. The temperature is about 600 ℃, and the strength of building steel tends to zero. For buildings with special fire safety requirements, the steel structure must be maintained with fire-resistant insulation materials to improve the fire rating.
5. The corrosion resistance of steel structure is poor, especially in the cold and wet environment with corrosive substances, which is very easy to rust. General steel structures shall be subject to rust prevention treatment, hot galvanizing or architectural coating, and shall be maintained. For offshore platform structures in seawater, special measures such as “zinc block anode protection” shall be taken to provide corrosion resistance.
6. Steel structure production, manufacturing and assembly are highly mechanized, and steel structure components are conducive to factory production, manufacturing and construction site assembly. The factory’s mechanical automation production and manufacturing of steel structure components has high precision, high productivity, faster assembly speed at the construction site, and shorter construction period. Steel structure is the most industrialized structure.
